They tend to be more abundant in smaller streams and pools than in large, deep, or fast-flowing rivers. Although not typically found there, guppies also have tolerance to brackish water and have colonized some brackish environments. Field studies reveal that guppies have colonized almost every freshwater body accessible to them in their natural ranges, especially in the streams located near the coastal fringes of mainland South America. The guppies were expected to eat the mosquito larvae and help slow the spread of malaria, but in many cases, these guppies have had a negative impact on native fish populations. Sometimes this has occurred accidentally, but most often as a means of mosquito control. However, guppies have been introduced to many different countries on every continent except Antarctica.
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Guppies are native to Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Suriname, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. While the taxonomy of the species was frequently changed and resulted in many synonyms, "guppy" remains the common name even as Girardinus guppii is now considered a junior synonym of Poecilia reticulata. Then in 1963, Rosen and Bailey brought it back to its original name, Poecilia reticulata. It was reclassified as Lebistes reticulatus by Regan in 1913. It was named Girardinus guppii by Albert Günther in honor of Robert John Lechmere Guppy, who sent specimens of the species from Trinidad to the Natural History Museum in London. Guppies were first described in Venezuela as Poecilia reticulata by Wilhelm Peters in 1859 and as Lebistes poecilioides in Barbados by De Filippi in 1861. Guppies are used as a model organism in the fields of ecology, evolution, and behavioural studies. Wild guppies generally feed on a variety of food sources, including benthic algae and aquatic insect larvae. Male guppies, which are smaller than females, have ornamental caudal and dorsal fins.
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They are highly adaptable and thrive in many different environmental and ecological conditions. Guppies originate from northeast South America, but have been introduced to many environments and are now found all over the world. It is a member of the family Poeciliidae and, like almost all American members of the family, is live-bearing. The guppy ( Poecilia reticulata), also known as millionfish and rainbow fish, is one of the world's most widely distributed tropical fish and one of the most popular freshwater aquarium fish species. Acanthocephalus guppii ( Günther, 1866).